When the voltage level starts to rise, close to 12V. When measuring the current flowing through the battery initially it is approximately 600mA. When we finish the circuit and checked everything already connect the 12V battery to the output.
When its current drops about 5%, the LED turns off, and the current drops to almost zero. And it makes the voltage across Q1 and LED1 lower. When the battery voltage reaches the selected point, the current will drop to a few milliamps. The red LED1 will show a battery charge status. Thus, Q1 conducts current to LED1 and adj of IC1. This results in a voltage across the base and emitter of transistor-Q1. Place the Gel Cell battery at the end with proper polarity. Input supply for this circuit can be 15 to 18 Volt DC supply and use proper Step-down transformer and bridge rectifier for input supply, at the end this circuit will provide 12V DC with the adjustable current. Here Red LED indicates the charging current. Resistors R3, RV1, and R4 are connected serially between output bias and the variable resistor terminal is connected with the Adj pin of the regulator. We set the output current by the current sensing resistor(R2) in the ground or (–) terminal. Place transistor 2N2222A between Adj pin of regulator and ground supply base terminal and emitter terminals are separated by the resistor R2 and this transistor helps to maintain constant current at the output. IC LM317 and use a heat sink for this IC. Which we adjust the 10K potentiometer-VR1 for 12V output. It converts the input DC voltage into stable voltage to charge the battery. The main part of this circuit is the positive adjustable voltage regulator, we use an LM317 IC as a 1.5A adjustable positive voltage regulator. This charger circuit is designed to meet the requirements of Gel cell batteries and this circuit capable of charging a 12 Volt battery. This circuit is designed with an adjustable charging current and indicator LED. This 12 Volt Gel cell Battery Charger Circuit utilizes a 15 Volt to 18 Volt DC input supply and provides a regulated 12 Volt DC supply to the charging Battery. We know a Gel cell battery is a VRLA (valve-regulated lead-acid) battery with a qualified electrolyte, and these types of batteries are maintenance-free batteries. This circuit can charge a gel cell battery with reverse current and overcharging protection. Here we design a simple 12-volt gel cell battery charger circuit by using a few easily available components. But as we need a suitable battery charger circuit for longer service life. A widely used battery is a gel cell battery because it has easy maintenance and is cheap. If safe charging, fast charging, and/or maximum battery life are important, that’s when things get complicated. Some battery types have a high tolerance for overcharging and can be recharged by connection to a constant voltage source or a constant current source, depending on the battery type. The charging protocol depends on the size and type of the battery being charged. To charge batteries, we need to put a voltage across the terminals, and the battery starts charging. In this tutorial, we are going to make a “12 Volt Gel cell Battery Charger Circuit”.
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